Apple trees: how to plant, care for and achieve high yields

The apple tree is one of the most popular fruit trees, which not only pleases the eye with its flowers in the spring, but also brings delicious and useful fruits. Let’s consider how to plant apple trees, care for them, create optimal conditions for growth and achieve high yields.

Choosing a variety

Before planting an apple tree, it is important to choose the right variety. There are many varieties of apple trees that differ in ripening time, fruit size, taste and disease resistance. Consider the climatic conditions of your region to choose a variety that will grow and fruit well.

Apple tree planting

Planting time

The best time to plant apple trees is spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October). In spring, plant trees when the soil warms up, and in autumn two to three weeks before frost so that the tree has time to root.

Site preparation

Site selection: Apple trees prefer sunny places, protected from cold winds. The soil should be fertile, with good drainage.

Soil preparation: It is advisable to analyse the soil before planting. If it is nutrient poor, apply compost or humus. It is also worth considering the pH of the soil; apple trees prefer slightly acidic or neutral soils (pH 6-7).

Planting process

1. Dig a hole 60-80 cm deep and 80 cm wide.
2. Place drainage (stones or bricks) at the bottom of the hole.
3. Place the seedling in the hole, spread the roots. Make sure that the graft is at ground level.
4. Fill the roots with soil, tamping gently so that there are no voids.
5. Water the seedling and cover the soil around it to retain moisture. 

Apple tree care

Watering

Apple trees require regular watering, especially during flowering and fruit formation. It is important not to allow the soil to dry out. During the dry summer months, water the tree 1-2 times a week, depending on weather conditions.

Fertiliser

Fertilisers help to provide the tree with the nutrients it needs. It is recommended to apply fertiliser in spring (nitrogen) and autumn (potash and phosphorus). Compost and humus are also great for fertilising.

Pruning

Pruning apple trees is important for shaping the crown and improving yields. It is best to prune the tree in early spring before the sap begins to mature. Remove dry, diseased and malformed branches, and thin the crown for better light access.

Protection against diseases and pests

Inspect the tree regularly for signs of diseases and pests. Use biological and chemical defence products, following the recommendations on the packaging. Treatments in spring and autumn will help prevent the spread of diseases.

Growing conditions

The apple tree prefers sunny areas with good air circulation. The optimum temperature for growth is 20-25°C. However, young seedlings can be damaged by severe frosts, so in colder regions it is worth covering them for the winter.

How to achieve high yields

To ensure that your apple tree bears generously, follow these tips:

Follow a watering and fertilising regime: Regular watering and balanced fertilising will help the tree to develop and produce good fruit.

Shape the crown: Pruning promotes better light and ventilation, which is important for fruit formation.

Keep the tree healthy: Regular inspections for pests and diseases will help prevent crop loss.

Variety compatibility: If you want to increase yields, consider planting several varieties side by side to allow cross-pollination.

Conclusion

Planting and caring for an apple tree is a fascinating process that requires time and attention. By following the recommendations on planting, care and creating optimal conditions, you will be able to enjoy delicious and juicy apples every year. Don’t forget that patience and care for the plant is the key to a successful harvest.